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Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Beijing, PRC

Chancery: No. 2, Ri Tan Dong Lu

Tel: +86-10-65321825, 65322541
Fax: +86-10-65325365

Embassy of the Republic of Estonia in Beijing, China

Chancery: C-617/618, Office Building, Beijing Lufthansa Center

Tel: +86-10-64637913
Fax: +86-10-64637908

E-mail: embassy.beijing@mfa.ee

CHINA - Background

Around the time it was officially founded, the Republic of China (ROC), retreated to the island of Taiwan, where it currently remains. Since then, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and some nearby islands, which are administered by the ROC, and asserts that the PRC has supplanted the ROC in its legitimacy to govern all of China. The ROC rejects these claims, and administers itself as a sovereign country with a democratically elected government and president. Until 1991, the ROC also claimed to be the sole leader of all of China, as well as Mongolia. The term "mainland China" is sometimes used to denote the area under PRC rule, but usually excludes the two Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has led the PRC under a one-party system since the country's establishment in 1949. Despite this, nearly half of the PRC's economy has been privatized in the past three decades under "Socialism with Chinese characteristics."

Market-based economic reforms started since 1978 helped lift millions of people out of poverty, bringing the poverty rate down from 53% of population in 1981 to 8% by 2001. Today, China is the world's largest producer of steel and concrete, and consumes a third of the world's steel, over half of the world's concrete, and is the second largest importer and consumer of world oil.

However, due to this mixing of market and planned economies, the PRC is faced with a number of problems associated with each, including unemployment and an increasing rural/urban income gap. Despite these shortcomings, greater prosperity has led to growing Chinese influence in global, economic, political, military, scientific, technological, and cultural affairs.

Info from http://en.wikipedia.org/

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