The Chechen Republic
(Russian: Чеченская Республика); Chechen: Нохчийн Республика/Noxciyn
[Nokhchiyn] Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (Russian: Чечня
Chechen: Нохчичьо / Noxciyco / Nokhchiycho), sometimes incorrectly
refered to as Ichkeria, Chechnia or Chechenia, is a federal subject
of Russia (a republic). Bordering Stavropol Krai to the northwest,
the republic of Dagestan to the northeast and east, Georgia to the
south, and the republics of Ingushetia and North Ossetia to the
west, it is located in the Northern Caucasus mountains, in the Southern
Federal District.
During the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government of the republic declared independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. As of 2005, their independence has not been recognized by any state. On September 6, 1991, militants of National Congress of Chechen People (NCChP), headed by Dzhokhar Dudayev, stormed a session of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR parliament, killing the chief of the PCUS of Grozny, Vitali Kutsenko, severely injuring several other parliamentaries, and effectively dissolving the government of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.
This situation, as well as the economic importance of Chechnya due to several oil and gas pipelines on its territory[citation needed], and the fact that constitutionally Chechnya, unlike Soviet Socialist Republics, did not have the right to secede[citation needed], has led to armed conflicts between the forces of the self-declared government and the Russian Federal army.
Chechen officials claim that between 1994 and 2004 over 200,000
people were killed in Chechnya, including more than 20,000 children,
and further that ethnic Chechens comprise only one quarter of this
number. They do not account for the remainder of those killed.
Insurgent sources claim that federal forces have killed more than
250,000 people in Chechnya, including 42,000 children.
These figures are not confirmed by independent sources. According to official population census number of Chechens in Russia in 2002 is 1,360,253 persons (in 1989 - 898,999 persons) (source :results of census from Federal Service of the state statistics of Russia)
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